Using Leapfrog Geo and Edge to systematise internal resource estimation reviews at SolGold’s Cascabel Project

They have set up Leapfrog Edge to link directly and dynamically with the Leapfrog Geo project, enabling it to be rapidly updated with new information and produce live resource estimates. Using Seequent Central for model management supports a reliable and shared single source of truth, which the Head Office in Brisbane and the team on the ground in Ecuador can use to collaborate in real time.

Overview

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thank you everybody for joining us on

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Lyceum 21 today,

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my name is Ben whistler, I’m tech

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services Manager with sold gold

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PLC

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and everybody my name’s steve law and I’m

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senior technical lead for geology

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with sequins

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and then is going to start the presentation.

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So today we will describe

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how utilization of

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sequence um Central

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server and leapfrog

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geo and leapfrog edge software

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has enabled sold gold

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to implement a systematic process

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for updating

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um real time geological

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models and the

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associated mineral resource

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estimates.

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Um and

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um

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so as you can see uh

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the title of the presentation

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suggests that it’s the integration of

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sequence leapfrog geo and leapfrog edge

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to systematize internal resource

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estimations

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um at the Kampala for free

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copper gold deposit in cascabel,

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which is in Northern Ecuador and it’s also

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being applied to other projects held by the

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company in Ecuador, some of which are nearing

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resource estimation stage

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as we speak

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next slide,

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uh sole goal is fueling this sustainable

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future with copper. The world needs copper

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and the casket. Bell copper gold

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project in Northern Ecuador

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is the flagship of sole Goal PLC,

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which is a leading exploration company

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focused on the discovery definition

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and development

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of world class copper gold deposits.

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In 2018

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sold gold was recognized by mines

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and money for him as an example of

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excellence in the industry

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and continues to strive to deliver objectives

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sufficiently and in the interests of shareholders.

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Sole goal is the largest and most

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active uh concession

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holder in Ecuador

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and we aggressively explore

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the length and breadth of

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the entire country, which is highly

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perspective,

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a portion of the Andean

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copperbelt

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Sell Gold holds an 85%

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registered and beneficial interest in answer

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The Cascabel licenses 100%

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owned by answer and sole goal is

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listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and

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also the London Stock Exchange.

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Uh The situation, so here

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we are in Northern Ecuador um

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The project is hosted within ECE

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and rocks of the Andean copperbelt

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and that particular medalla

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genic sequence is responsible for

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large percentages of the world’s copper

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and gold. The Apollo deposit is

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sold gold flagship asset and

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it’s actually one of the largest independent

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copper and gold development assets

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globally and regarded widely

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as a tier one

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exploration success

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and probably one of the top three

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copper and gold projects on

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the planet. In the last decade

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we’re very proud of.

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The current shareholder register reflects

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significant interest in cascabel

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amongst major mining houses including

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BHP and Newcrest major shareholders.

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The al Paula deposit is located

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within the western cordillera of

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Ecuador, which again

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is in the heavily endowed and in copperbelt.

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Um And in fact

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the indian culpability is renowned as the

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base for nearly half the world’s copper production.

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The project area at

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castel hosts mineralization

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of sn age within sn

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aged intrusions. Um

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And this is also the same age as numerous

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Tier one deposits throughout

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the indian papa belt particularly

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uh of note, some of the giant

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Chilean deposits

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to the south. Uh The

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Apollo deposit lies central

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to a cluster

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of essen aged poor freeze,

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which is fairly typical

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um of large deposits

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And um a number

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of prospects also exist within

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that cluster, including the Taniyama America

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and Aguinaga, poor free copper

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and gold deposits. And we

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as a company have completed over

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260,000 m

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of diamond drilling at the basketball

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project thus far

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using directional diamond drilling techniques.

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And that much drilling has brought us very

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close to um completion

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of pre feasibility studies,

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you know, uh

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now in terms of modeling

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workflows and hosting

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all the data within one

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major project, which is what we’re doing at

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the moment.

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Um the site team is continually

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engaged in advancing the understanding

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of poor free systems at cascabel

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and a combination of sequence solutions

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using leapfrog geo and leapfrog

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edge with sequin central

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of course

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um are in use now

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using secret sequence central

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for model management means

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that projects are shared amongst the team,

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our team of geoscientists and

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this single source of truth

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um allows

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beneficial discourse between,

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say a management group that might be in

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London or Brisbane and

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the site team in Ecuador

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um

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a key component has been leapfrog

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Edge and

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internal resource estimations

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which the company performs

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um

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and leapfrog Edge has an

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extension is actually an extension

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to Electoral geo and so Edge

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links directly and dynamically with

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electoral geo project which is where all

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the models are

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and it means it can rapidly update

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with new information as drilling continues,

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enabling the team to produce

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what really could be called real time

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resource estimations.

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Um geologists are able to simply

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publish an updated leapfrog

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geo project

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utilizing the latest trillion data

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to central and then open the

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link estimation leapfrog

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edge project

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and basically just right click

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on any of the measures that have been updated.

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For example domain shells and

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upload the latest

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geology model from that branch into the

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estimation project.

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So what that does for us is a dynamically

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runs a resource estimate for us.

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The remaining quality control required

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thereafter is to review the vari

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ah graffiti and and estimation search

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parameters of course and

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finalized model validation and

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and there we go we have a quality outcome for

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internal reviews. Obviously

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if you’re a mid tier

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and growing company like sole goal

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that that’s made a significant discovery

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and you’re in the spotlight. Um

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then

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the quality and results of a

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mineral resource estimate,

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especially early ones

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um is absolutely critical. So

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being able to have an early idea

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um of what a mineral resource

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estimate result might be a huge, hugely

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beneficial for sole goal

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as a company.

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Um This is just a quick example

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of what leapfrog can do. These are geological

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models

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of an open pit and underneath

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a block cave at the el Pollo

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deposit and on the right you can see

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the alteration models. So

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it’s just a nice visual to give you an idea

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of how powerful leap from G. I can

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be and

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and there’s the integration with leapfrog edge

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and so thank you for your

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attention, I’ll hand over now

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for the technical aspects

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of the leapfrog edge and mineral

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resource estimation with

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steve Law, senior technical lead

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geology at sequence.

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Thanks Ben.

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We first set up the edge model in september

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2018 and

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both the edge and leapfrog

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geo models are held within sequence. Central

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sequence Central has the capability of

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doing quite a few different workflows

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but we set up a fairly simple workflow

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based on skill differentiation

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in this case it meant we build a separate

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geology branch and a separate

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resource block model branch

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in each one the geologist works on the

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geology models and

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the previous versions are

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stored and recorded for all time

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and the latest iteration is always

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at the top of the branch

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correspondingly in the estimation

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branch we build

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the block models and these are dynamically

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linked across to the volumes

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within the geology model. So as

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the geology model gets updated,

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we load the latest

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uh domains across from there

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into the estimation project.

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And then the block model

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will update

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the dynamic linking functionality of leapfrog

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Geo to leapfrog edge provides

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a significant benefit in terms of the time

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taken

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to update a resource estimate

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combining with sequence. Central allows even

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further productivity and collaboration

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opportunities.

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The setup can be used from the preliminary

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economic assessment right through

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and two including production.

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Next slide, Please

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talk a little bit about the actual

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methodology behind

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these processes. So the geology

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model so cold usually from geo

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to undertake three D. Geological modeling

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at the Alcala deposit.

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This work was based on hand drawn

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cross sectional and level plan interpretations

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of mythologies, intrusive

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phases and courts for an abundance,

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mythological modeling of intrusive phases

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and host rocks as well as strata,

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graphic modeling of volcanic host rocks,

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the vein abundance modeling of B type quartz

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veins

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and then there are mineralization models of copper

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and gold at high medium

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and low guide

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grade, sorry, guidance envelopes

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at different cutoffs of 1.50

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point 70.15

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copper equivalents percentages.

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A lot of work into the geological

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understanding. And it was a

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consultant named steve Garwin, who is well known

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in poor free deposits, used

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the anaconda method to

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work on the geometrical understanding

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of the deposit and its internal timing

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relationships between rock phases veins

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and copper gold grades.

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And this was collated into hand

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drawn cross sections around 70

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m spacings

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on an orientated northeast and

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centered upon a northwest trending baseline

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Hand drawn level plans where it approximately

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200 m levels throughout the deposit.

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This work was then taken through

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into the three D. modeling

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of Leapfrog Geo and

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the resultant volumes

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were compared against the original cross sections,

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et cetera and they match quite

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nicely

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um leapfrog geo allows you to

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use the data inherently, but also

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you can modify with

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your own poly lines afterwards

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to make the shapes as accurate

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as you need to represent your deposit.

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In the mythology model, the major rock types

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of the cascabel tenement consists

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of a tertiary sequence of anti Semitic

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Lovas and volcano sedimentary

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rocks.

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A series of horn blend bearing, die rights,

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courts, die rights and total lights

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intruded the volcano sedimentary sequence

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as plate on stocks and diets.

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Oh, drilling has defined

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a northwest trending steeply northeast

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dipping corridor known as the greater

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el Pollo trend.

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This trend is centered upon a sin mineralization,

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causal courts, thyroid intrusion,

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It’s referred to as QE 10 and

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it’s cut by a series of intra mineralization

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late and post mineralization stocks,

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dikes and bridges

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of die right horn blend. I write

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court star, right tone light and

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granted I right

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intrusions have been placed episodically

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such that each subsequent intrusion has

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introduced mineral izing fluids.

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And these are typically defined by

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poor freeze type courts and courts. Self ID

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veins.

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They have re mobilised

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existing mineralization or introduced

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new criminalization and contributed

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to localized over printing and destruction

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of some pre existing mineralization.

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The intrusions are typically in

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place with the stock like geometry

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that is elongate in the northwest

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direction, but they can also have

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vertical and lateral, extensive northwest

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trending steeply dipping dyke

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extensions beyond their stock

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margins. Next slide

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please.

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The geometry of the various pathologies

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at Apollo is now well understood

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and has been modeled from the job drilling

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and it shows extensive self vertical

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continuity and highly complex

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intrusive relationships.

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The application of the anaconda method to

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geological mapping and drill core logging

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identified a total of 31

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likely intrusion phases,

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And these were grouped into 18 major

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rock groups which have been delineated

[00:14:17.480]
based on their mineral

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realization phase and resource group.

[00:14:21.840]
All the major rock groups have been incorporated

[00:14:24.529]
into the three D. Geological model

[00:14:26.590]
of the al parla deposit.

[00:14:30.240]
A total of 20 major phases immunization

[00:14:32.720]
have been delineated based on relative

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timing relationships and poor free

[00:14:37.240]
vein stages.

[00:14:38.840]
These have been simplified into 11

[00:14:40.960]
major rock groups which have been

[00:14:43.110]
put into the three D. Model

[00:14:48.039]
and they formed the major low grade,

[00:14:50.120]
medium grade and high grade stages of mineralization

[00:14:52.909]
at all Paula.

[00:14:54.440]
The majority of the copper and gold mineralization

[00:14:57.080]
was added to the system by the

[00:14:59.159]
courts derive or qd 10 intrusion

[00:15:01.669]
with supplementary editions through time

[00:15:04.269]
with the injection of the intra

[00:15:06.360]
mineralization, intrusive phases,

[00:15:09.539]
and there was only minor metal edition from

[00:15:11.690]
late mineralization and post mineralization

[00:15:14.490]
intrusions in the system.

[00:15:17.139]
Another important component of the

[00:15:19.159]
model is the vein abundance model.

[00:15:21.740]
The relationship between B type quartz

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veins, abundance, and copper gold

[00:15:26.409]
and copper equivalent grades throughout the deposit

[00:15:28.940]
show a linear relationship between

[00:15:31.379]
grade and vain abundance,

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And has been defined with selected examples

[00:15:36.159]
of .15%. Copper equivalence

[00:15:38.759]
.7 and 1.5%

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equating 2.55%

[00:15:43.669]
the veins 4.1%

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and for 9.4%

[00:15:48.519]
the veins respectively.

[00:15:51.039]
The most important indicators of

[00:15:53.120]
high grade mineralization include the presence

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of an early stage courts, thyroid intrusion

[00:15:58.230]
containing all the early stage. For freestyle

[00:16:00.470]
vein types with elevated vein

[00:16:02.639]
abundance and an increased ratio

[00:16:05.110]
of chalco pyrite too paranoid.

[00:16:07.840]
These relationships are clearly evident when representing

[00:16:10.419]
B type, courts main abundance and

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copper equivalent grades against each rock

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type or group in a box and whisker

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plot. Next

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slide please.

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So we’ve got a three D. Geological

[00:16:25.240]
mythology model and then we also

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develop a mineralization model.

[00:16:29.840]
And this is used using the numeric modeling

[00:16:32.000]
capability of leapfrog. Geo

[00:16:34.740]
Mineralization at Alcala took place

[00:16:36.750]
immediately over approximately

[00:16:39.070]
800,000 years. From dating studies

[00:16:41.629]
conducted by Garwin album

[00:16:44.019]
2017.

[00:16:45.940]
Each of the 11 rock groups recognized

[00:16:48.490]
sequentially added its own stage of

[00:16:50.519]
port-related veiny and mineralization

[00:16:52.769]
to the intrusive complex and

[00:16:54.990]
these have been modeled sequentially with

[00:16:57.269]
later phases. Excising preexisting

[00:16:59.639]
phases.

[00:17:01.840]
Numeric models are run at three

[00:17:04.259]
different cutoffs. Copper equivalent

[00:17:06.400]
cutoffs for low medium and

[00:17:08.450]
high grade.

[00:17:10.940]
The key point in understanding the Al Pollo deposit

[00:17:13.200]
relates to the manner in which the geometric framework

[00:17:15.720]
of various pathologies and intrusive

[00:17:17.849]
bodies. Subsequently controlled the successive

[00:17:20.720]
geometries and donation of the poor french

[00:17:23.259]
style courts vein abundance.

[00:17:25.539]
And this correlates very

[00:17:27.589]
well with the distribution of copper

[00:17:29.619]
and gold.

[00:17:30.839]
Yeah. Next stage

[00:17:32.970]
please. Oops.

[00:17:36.140]
Yeah. So we have a underlying

[00:17:38.609]
mythology model and an underlying

[00:17:40.609]
method mineralization model,

[00:17:43.240]
leapfrog has a combined model

[00:17:45.349]
functionality where these two are joined together

[00:17:47.869]
and you end up with

[00:17:50.440]
multiple domains based

[00:17:52.769]
on grade and mythology.

[00:17:56.640]
These are the domains that are brought across from

[00:17:58.680]
the geology model via direct link

[00:18:00.750]
into the estimation project

[00:18:02.779]
using leapfrog central.

[00:18:05.339]
Yeah, estimation domains

[00:18:07.769]
have subsequently been identified

[00:18:10.339]
or simplified by combining the

[00:18:12.400]
model features in a manner which demonstrates

[00:18:14.789]
the relationship between grade and the

[00:18:16.849]
geological history of the deposit.

[00:18:19.240]
So they are based on geologic knowledge but

[00:18:21.309]
also using statistical

[00:18:23.490]
analysis. Using the concept of stationary

[00:18:26.089]
T leapfrogged

[00:18:29.089]
utilizes ordinary creaking

[00:18:31.160]
to estimate the domains.

[00:18:33.240]
The way the grouping has been set up is

[00:18:35.500]
that changes can be made easily in the

[00:18:37.549]
future. So if they’re different combinations

[00:18:39.960]
of required of the mineralization

[00:18:42.480]
and mythology volumes as

[00:18:44.829]
new information comes through, then

[00:18:46.859]
we can modify the process

[00:18:49.059]
within leapfrog edge

[00:18:51.640]
each of the domains. KZ two KZ KZ

[00:18:54.240]
002 KZ 10 are

[00:18:56.369]
independently run for copper,

[00:18:58.420]
gold, silver and molybdenum.

[00:19:00.680]
And that’s using ordinary creaking and

[00:19:03.299]
lead, zinc uranium using inverse

[00:19:05.390]
distance square.

[00:19:06.940]
And the final men resource estimate

[00:19:08.960]
is reported at multiple cut offs

[00:19:11.259]
on the copper equivalents

[00:19:14.940]
validation is a very important step

[00:19:16.970]
obviously. So we have the

[00:19:19.029]
capability of doing swath

[00:19:21.099]
plots and these are embedded within the bloc model

[00:19:23.549]
so that as the

[00:19:26.440]
uh new data is added. And

[00:19:28.579]
the underlying mythology and mineralization

[00:19:31.170]
models change. Then the swath plots

[00:19:33.400]
update as well. So you can readily

[00:19:35.529]
validate your data as well as being

[00:19:37.650]
able to visualize all the information

[00:19:39.670]
on the screen

[00:19:42.440]
and central stores the project timeline.

[00:19:44.589]
So a previous version of the block model

[00:19:46.710]
can be reviewed at any time

[00:19:49.740]
and then it’s going to just finish

[00:19:51.750]
off the presentation for us.

[00:19:53.940]
Thank you Stephen. Yes, it certainly

[00:19:56.140]
streamlines what is a

[00:19:58.740]
or could be viewed as a fairly complex

[00:20:01.440]
process.

[00:20:03.140]
So overall we have the integration of

[00:20:05.380]
leapfrog edge estimation

[00:20:07.410]
software with leapfrog Geo

[00:20:09.650]
software and this has

[00:20:12.380]
been proven to allow

[00:20:14.839]
sold gold to

[00:20:17.130]
produce internal resource estimation

[00:20:19.740]
checks to be run dynamically

[00:20:22.059]
as new information is received

[00:20:24.160]
from the field

[00:20:25.539]
and in a nutshell leapfrog

[00:20:27.569]
it gives us the power to run our

[00:20:29.619]
own internal resource estimates

[00:20:32.240]
um which empowers

[00:20:34.450]
us to internally

[00:20:36.619]
audit the work performed

[00:20:38.809]
by independent consultants

[00:20:40.950]
and ensure they are being realistic.

[00:20:43.500]
It also gives us the advantage of

[00:20:45.509]
having a good idea of potential

[00:20:47.869]
outcomes of any given

[00:20:50.019]
resource estimate ahead of time,

[00:20:52.740]
which of course helps the company

[00:20:55.380]
gauge appropriate expectations.

[00:20:58.539]
So thank you all for listening

[00:21:00.779]
and thank you by CM 21.

[00:21:05.940]
Yeah.