From a 3D Leapfrog Model to a Comprehensive Geotechnical Analysis in GeoStudio

In this session, learn the following:

• The challenges faced by geotechnical engineers dealing with evolving site conditions
• How a dynamically updated digital twin enables rapid re-interpretation of site conditions
• Discover the evaluation of design alternatives by enabling the geotechnical engineer to rapidly and easily create numerical models drawn from this ‘single source of truth’.
• How to uncover valuable insights from data vis-à-vis interpretation in context

Overview

Video Transcript

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<v Host>Hello, and welcome to</v>

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the second installment of our webinars series,

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Sequence Dynamic Digital Twin Solution

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for Modern Tailings Storage Facilities Management.

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My name is Chris Kellen and I’m the Director of Engineering

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for the GeoStudio business unit here at Seequent.

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Today, I will guide you through the second portion

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of our proposed workflow for managing

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storage tailings facilities,

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focusing on the interoperability between a 3D leapfrog

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geological model and the geotechnical analysis

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conducted in GeoStudio.

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Our aim is to explore how geotechnical engineers,

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responsible for the analysis, design, and management

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of these facilities

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can use a dynamically updated digital twin

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to overcome challenges around evolving site conditions

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and the interpretation of field data in context.

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Please note that this presentation

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is for informational purposes only,

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and is not a commitment to deliver software features

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or functionality.

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The software products that will be shown in today’s webinar

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are the latest versions of Leapfrog, Central, and GeoStudio.

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Despite the webinar’s technical connotation,

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the presentation is designed for a wide audience,

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both from the technical and non-technical domain.

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During the webinar,

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the audience is muted to ensure that the presentation

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does not run over time.

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But should you have questions,

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please don’t hesitate to write into the question window

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in the Go To meeting.

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We will make sure that a personalized reply

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will be sent to you via email in due time.

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After the webinar,

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we would like to ask you to remain

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for one to two minutes longer

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to partake in a short survey that will help us understand

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your needs and learn how we can improve our offerings.

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And as always,

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if you wish to maintain or share a recording

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of this webinar, a link to the video

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will be sent shortly after the presentation.

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Okay, let’s get started.

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It’s our mission here at Seequent

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to enable customers to make better decisions

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about the earth, environment, and energy challenges,

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because it is the robust decision-making process

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that provides security and longevity in your organization.

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Now, arguably, one of the most important decisions

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the global mining community recently made

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was to commit to an improved due diligence process

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regarding the safe and sustainable design,

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construction, maintenance, and remediation

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of tailing storage facility.

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This commitment was formalized

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in the global standard on tailings management.

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The key thing for this webinar

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revolves around transparency and design,

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maintenance, and post closure of the dam.

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Transparency is particularly important

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for the geotechnical engineer

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that is also the engineer of record,

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because the rationale behind any decisions

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must be documented and made clear to all stakeholders.

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Transparency in the engineering analysis,

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design, and operation of a TSF does not come easy.

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A TSF is generally designed and operated

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using the observational method,

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which adopts a design based on realistic assessment

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of natural ground conditions.

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The design is not purposely conservative.

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And in nearly all cases,

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changes to the final facility design

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are mandated by operational constraints.

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Both the design and our understanding of the site

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are constantly evolving.

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As such, operators and the engineer of record

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are responsible for detecting changes

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in the current and future performance

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of the facility and then acting to mitigate risk.

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But discerning these changes is not trivial.

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It requires targeted monitoring data

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and a thorough conceptual model of the mechanisms

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controlling performance.

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Interpretation of new observational data

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to characterize the geotechnical processes

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controlling performance is difficult.

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The data must be readily accessible via dashboard

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or some sort of system.

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And more importantly,

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the data must be interpreted in the context

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of the physical system.

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In the previous webinar,

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Yanina talked about the key elements of the solution,

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which included a single source of truth

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and the digital twin.

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Today, we’re going to draw our attention

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to the digital twin and its role

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in geotechnical engineering.

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Seequent’s geological modeling

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and visualization application, Leapfrog,

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is designed to provide the core elements of a digital twin

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for geotechnical engineers.

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A Leapfrog model is constructed

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from a wide variety of data sources,

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including borehole, structural, GIS,

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geophysical, historical cross sections,

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other site data, and more.

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Engineering designs from a CAD package

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can be incorporated directly into the geological model

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for rapid visualization of infrastructure,

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such as the virtual earthworks, bridges,

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dams, tunnels, and more.

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For a geo-technical engineer,

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a leapfrog could more aptly be called

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a subsurface digital twin

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because it can be used to model anything

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below the ground surface,

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including the geotechnical structure.

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The challenge for the geotechnical engineer,

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then, is ensuring that the geotechnical analysis

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is consistent with the evolving site conditions.

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In the Seequent ecosystem,

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this is accomplished through seamless interoperability

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between the geological model

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and the geotechnical analysis in GeoStudio.

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The sum of these parts form the complete digital twin

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of the site.

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I will now demonstrate using Leapfrog,

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Central, and GeoStudio.

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I will start the demonstration by briefly reviewing

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the digital twin of the site created in Leapfrog.

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First, we can bring in the topography of the site.

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This can be point cloud data, mesh data,

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and so on.

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Then for this particular example,

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I brought in the following borehole data.

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And then using this borehole data,

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we’re able to create a geological model

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using a variety of tools.

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In this case,

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we use the stratigraphic surface chronology approach,

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creating this sequence.

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And so we can review our various contacts

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generated from this borehole data.

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And then with this contact data created,

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we can then output a full geological model.

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This is the geological model that I’m now going to use

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to create a 3D finite element-ready geometry

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for analysis in GeoStudio.

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The first step is to publish the Leapfrog project

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into Central.

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In this window, I select which objects from the model

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to include in the publication.

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Naturally, I can include the topography

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and the entire geological model, GM.

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Once this process is complete,

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I can navigate down to the bottom left,

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select the button, and launch the Central portal.

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Here we are in Central,

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where the tailing storage facility

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Leapfrog project has been published.

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The history is shown, along with a number of tabs

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to review files, users, and again,

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the history of the project.

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In GeoStudio, BUILD3D,

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I have already imported a background mesh

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for the topography of the site.

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I’ll turn off the visibility

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and navigate to import background from Central.

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In this window, I select the Central server,

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then the project name, then the branch,

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the ID, and finally, the geological model.

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After hitting okay,

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I will navigate into the import background window

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and change some of the key settings

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to create these background meshes.

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First off, notice I can select which background mesh

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from the geological model I want to include in import.

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Further down, we have a transformation section

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of the dialog box.

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Notice once the import is complete,

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that the background meshes are not oriented

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with the surface topography.

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From the dropdown,

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I can select a saved transformation.

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This automatically remaps the axes

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from Leapfrog coordinates to GeoStudio coordinates

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and moves the base points such that the background meshes

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are located closer to the 0-0-0 axes.

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BUILD3D is a parametric modeling package.

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As such, the background meshes need to be converted

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to spline surfaces using the fit to surface tool

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in BUILD3D.

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The surface is selected from the geometry explorer window,

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under the background meshes.

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The visibility of the background meshes

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can be toggled on and off in this view.

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I will leave visible the surface representing the contact

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between the bedrock and overlying clay unit.

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With that done, the fit for surface icon is selected,

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and three parameters are adjusted,

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including the acceptable difference

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between the background mesh and the spine surface,

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the resolution, and a parameter controlling

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the flexibility of the surface.

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For this problem, I will adjust

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both the resolution and the flexibility to 0.75.

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Rotating the surface in space

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reveals an acceptable fit

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compared to the original Leapfrog surface mesh.

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Next, I will turn off the visibility of the background mesh

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and turn on the next stratigraphic layer,

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repeating the process of using the fit to surface tool

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on each occasion.

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The process is repeated for each subsequent contact

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along with the ground surface.

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It is evident in the geometry explorer

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that new surface bodies are added to the list

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with each successive operation.

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Now that the surfaces have been created,

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I will unsuppress a sketch that I created

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on the X-Z plane.

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I will right click and edit this sketch

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to demonstrate that I offset the plane for this sketch

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in the y-direction, or vertical direction,

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to ensure that it was located

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beneath the lower stratigraphic surface in the domain.

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The extrude icon is then selected

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to push the profile upwards and generate a solid body.

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I arbitrarily selected an extrusion distance of 150 meters

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to ensure that the top of the block

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far exceeds the ground surface elevation.

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Clicking on the operation and the design history

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reveals a single solid.

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The cut tool is now used to turn the cube

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into a geometry that is consistent with

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the geological model in Leapfrog.

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The cut operation that I select

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removes the cutting tool,

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which in this case are the surface bodies,

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after the cutting operation is complete

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Inspection of the resulting geometry

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reveals a number of individual solids.

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The delete body is used to remove

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the upper most solid, leaving our four stratigraphic units,

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to which I will assign a material.

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The bottom most layer is assigned a bedrock material,

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and then the overlying units in turn

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include, clay, gravel, and aluminum.

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Prior to the start of this webinar,

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I imported an as-built design drawing

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via the import body tool.

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In the design history,

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I will right click the profile and unsuppress.

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The cross section of the downstream tailings dam

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and tailings is now visible.

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I’m going to click on the profile

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and subdivide the tailings into a number of layers.

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I’m doing this simply for the purpose

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of conducting a geotechnical technical analysis.

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For simplicity, I will split the tailings into five raises.

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BUILD3D is a feature-based geometry creation tool,

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so we can edit this sketch at any time

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and all the changes are automatically cascaded

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through the entire model’s geometry.

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With the drawing complete, I will hit okay.

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And the geometry is regenerated.

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Notice that the as-built section

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is located at the center line of the valley.

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In preparation for an extrusion,

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the location of the section needs to be offset.

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Right clicking the profile and editing

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reveals the original location of the plane end profile.

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I can change the offset to sit inside the domain,

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as shown.

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This position moves the profile inside the ground surface.

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It will become apparent when I extrude the profile

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that our goal here is simply to ensure

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that the geotechnical structure traverses the entire valley

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in a manner consistent with the actual construction.

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With the tailings dam profile

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now located inside the upper ground surface,

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I will right click the profile and select extrude.

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The extrusion distance is arbitrarily set to 50 meters

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and then 100 meters, causing the extruded profile

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to span the entire valley.

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Notice the shadow-like image that shows

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the intersection between the structure

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and the ground surface.

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After rotating the camera angle,

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I’m going to select the solids that represent

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the tailings dam and create a group.

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The material for this group of solids is then changed

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and the process is repeated for the tailings layers.

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We see the fill material listed in the drop down list.

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And then, again, I’ll select these next five solids

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for the tailings layers,

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create the group and rename it.

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Select the group

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and then change the material type.

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Clicking in the geometry explorer

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reveals that the solids extend into the flanks

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of the valley wall.

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I therefore need to remove this portion of the tailings

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and dam geometry using the cut tool.

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In this case, the first and second stratigraphic units

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are used as the cutting tool

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and the option to remove the overlapping solids is selected.

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Once the operation is completed,

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I can select the upper stratigraphic layer

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and note visually that the tailings structure

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does not extend into it.

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I do this by first toggling off the surface selection tool

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and then selecting only solids.

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At this point in the workflow,

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the analysis ready geometry is complete.

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We could now proceed to mesh the domain,

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then return to the geometry definition,

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apply boundary conditions, and then solve the analysis.

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We can see now that the finite element mesh is complete.

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I’m switching back to the geometry view,

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selecting the surface of the tailings,

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and applying a hydraulic boundary condition.

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Conversely, we could create a two dimensional analysis

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based on the 3D geometry and poor water pressure conditions.

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To do this, I select the geometry section tool.

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Once the location has been selected,

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I can hit okay,

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navigate down to the geometry sections area,

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right click, and generate 2D GeoStudio geometry.

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Closing BUILD3D and going back into GeoStudio,

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we now see a 2D geometry in the analysis tree,

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to which I will add a slope/w analysis.

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Note that the materials are automatically mapped

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to the regions.

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Accordingly, I can click on define, materials

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and the list of materials is populated

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by simply defining a material model

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such as Mohr-Coulomb,

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we see the colors of the materials mapped to the regions.

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Now we come full circle to the heart of the issue.

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We have a 2D and 3D geotechnical analysis,

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which together, with the geological model,

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form a comprehensive digital twin.

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As noted at the onset,

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evolving site conditions and new data

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could cause the geological model to change.

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We need to ensure that the geotechnical analysis

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is based on the most up-to-date site model.

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In Leapfrog, the geological model

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is dynamically updated by introducing new information,

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such as geophysical data, polylines,

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design drawings, and more.

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For demonstration purposes,

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let us simply assume that an error was observed

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in the borehole data.

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Notice that the stratigraphic layers

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are not smooth and continuous in this profile.

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I’m going to open the borehole log data

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and alter the stratigraphic contact depths.

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I’ll quickly do this by changing the depth to the contacts

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in boreholes 10 and 12.

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After saving the file,

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I will reload the borehole data

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and then reprocess the geological model.

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So first, reload the boreholes.

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Then, navigate to the play button on the top left

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and select run all.

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The geological model is updated

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as indicated by the new, smoother geological contacts.

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Looking at the slice from the backside

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reveals nice, smooth, continuous contacts.

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Then, rotating the camera view around to the front

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similarly demonstrates that the geological model

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has been updated.

[00:27:29.260]
After publishing the Leapfrog model to Central,

[00:27:32.210]
I can now return to GeoStudio

[00:27:34.680]
and reload the background meshes

[00:27:37.200]
used at the onset to create the analysis-ready geometry.

[00:27:43.120]
I do this by multi selecting three surfaces,

[00:27:46.940]
right clicking, and reloading.

[00:27:51.440]
We can see in the bottom right of the tray

[00:27:53.590]
that the Boolean operations are being recomputed.

[00:27:57.760]
This is a key advantage of a feature-based modeling package

[00:28:01.590]
like BUILD3D, because any change to the model

[00:28:05.290]
is automatically cascaded through the design history.

[00:28:09.990]
Once complete, we can switch over to the mesh view,

[00:28:14.670]
remesh the domain,

[00:28:17.370]
and then I will use the clipping tool

[00:28:19.920]
to inspect the updated geology.

[00:28:25.450]
The process takes just a couple seconds

[00:28:28.060]
to recompute all the contacts and update the model.

[00:28:33.350]
Again, the clipping plane tool,

[00:28:35.530]
much like a sectioning tool,

[00:28:37.300]
allows us to look inside the domain.

[00:28:40.270]
Notice that the contacts have all been updated

[00:28:43.430]
and they’re now nice and smooth.

[00:28:49.000]
With this new clipping plane,

[00:28:50.650]
I will change the camera view.

[00:28:54.880]
We see the clean geology and the new contacts.

[00:29:01.410]
Then I will navigate to the 2D geometry section

[00:29:07.260]
back on the geometry window.

[00:29:13.010]
First shutting off the clipping plane,

[00:29:17.110]
then switching back to geometry view,

[00:29:21.270]
scrolling down, selecting our section,

[00:29:25.710]
which runs down the center line of the valley,

[00:29:28.160]
I’ll right-click, generate a new section

[00:29:30.950]
which replaces the old section.

[00:29:33.860]
I can then close BUILD3D.

[00:29:36.620]
And back in GeoStudio,

[00:29:38.330]
when I click on the slope stability analysis,

[00:29:41.140]
we see the new geology are reflected

[00:29:43.990]
in this cross section.

[00:29:52.300]
In summary, teams have to think about

[00:29:54.700]
a holistic modeling approach

[00:29:56.660]
with the digital twin at its core

[00:29:58.990]
in order to manage tailing storage facilities safely

[00:30:02.170]
and consider the requirements

[00:30:03.650]
of the global tailing standard.

[00:30:06.780]
The digital twin becomes the basis for design

[00:30:09.970]
used at all phases of the project’s life cycle.

[00:30:13.500]
It invites the engineers to participate

[00:30:15.700]
in the investigation of the physical system,

[00:30:18.520]
to understand the geological constraints,

[00:30:21.350]
and make informed decisions about the facility’s

[00:30:23.730]
performance as it evolves.

[00:30:25.840]
A comprehensive and dynamically updated digital twin

[00:30:30.420]
consistently incorporates changing data

[00:30:33.270]
and evaluates all spatial, numeric,

[00:30:36.570]
and intellectual information in a 3D context.

[00:30:41.060]
It can also help design targeted monitoring programs.

[00:30:44.890]
Interpreting monitoring data is a significant challenge

[00:30:48.410]
as it goes beyond plotting a time series of data.

[00:30:52.670]
Again, data is only valuable if it is interpreted

[00:30:56.350]
in the context of the digital twin.

[00:30:59.770]
Thank you for your time and attention.

[00:31:01.870]
We look forward to welcoming you again

[00:31:04.270]
in mid-July for the third part of our webinar series.

[00:31:08.090]
Dr. Yanina Elliott will discuss an agile workflow

[00:31:11.440]
that accommodates stakeholder engagement.

[00:31:13.970]
This will bring together all the key components

[00:31:16.390]
of the Seequent ecosystem to demonstrate

[00:31:18.840]
how owners, analysts, engineers of record, and auditors

[00:31:23.460]
can collaborate on the management

[00:31:25.280]
of a tailing storage facility.

[00:31:27.760]
Thanks again, and have a great day.